Index
A
- abbreviation
81, 266–267, 273–276, 288
- accommodation
78–82, 105–107, 125, 261, 284, 294, 306
;
see also assimilation
- acts of identity
3, 32–33, 292, 305
- addressing
see term of address
-
ain’t
65, 87–88, 152–153, 189–190, 195–196, 199–212, 278–279, 293, 308
- American English
12, 20–21, 64, 82, 86, 88, 105, 164, 193, 208–209, 243, 245, 270–271, 278, 302–303
- Androutsopoulos, Jannis
5–6, 56, 61–62, 69, 268, 312
- anti-African-American ideology
116, 279, 289–290, 307
- assimilation
20, 59, 78–82, 100, 105, 118, 216–217, 267, 294, 302, 306
;
see also accommodation
- augmentation
188, 191, 201, 218–227, 245, 278–279, 288, 290
- authentication
4, 21, 41, 44–46, 79–80, 93, 96, 98, 100, 103, 105–107, 109, 111–112, 115, 117–118, 120, 124, 187, 194, 204–205, 241–243, 261, 265, 283, 295–301, 306
;
see also authenticity, de-authentication, inauthenticity
- authenticity
4, 9, 21, 26, 34–41, 44–46, 75, 78, 82–83, 85, 96, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111–112, 115–117, 119, 131, 176, 186–187, 195, 204–205, 217, 241–243, 265, 281–284, 291, 295–302, 306
;
see also authentication, de-authentication, inauthenticity
B
- Benor, Sarah
3–5, 31–35, 292–293, 301–303
- Blackness
3, 19–21, 43–44, 71, 73–75, 81, 83, 85, 95, 100, 120, 136–138, 165–166, 173–176, 178, 186, 197, 204–205, 247, 279–280
;
see also race, Whites
- Blommaert, Jan
1–2, 5, 23–24, 26–31, 45–46, 109, 308, 311
- British English
11–12, 14, 18, 21, 24, 80, 261, 309
C
- camouflaging
132–133, 146–147, 150, 164, 307
- capitalization
3, 158, 160, 214, 268, 273, 276
- code-switching
6, 16, 24–25, 29, 32, 126
- colonialism
10–12, 32, 42–43, 73–74, 259
- contextualization
6, 192–194, 204, 235, 292
- community
2, 20, 24, 30, 32, 34, 39, 52–54, 66, 69, 280, 286, 313
;
see also online community, speech community
- computer-mediated communication
2, 5–6, 25, 28, 37–38, 47–48, 50, 52–53, 58–59, 61, 67–69, 118, 125, 152, 160, 229, 268, 273–276, 278, 280, 301, 312
;
see also Nairaland, web forum
- copula
65–66, 87–88, 199, 205, 210, 235, 239, 277
- corpora
6–7, 13, 23, 47, 54–57, 59–61, 63–64, 66, 68, 136, 311–312
;
see also Corpus of Global Web-based English, tagging
- Corpus of Global Web-based English
23, 47, 59–60, 177–178, 181, 203, 217–218, 256, 260, 262–263, 274, 278, 311
- creole
12–13, 15–16, 21, 65, 209, 311–313
;
see also Jamaican Creole, pidgin
- crossing
4, 24–26, 33–34, 193–194, 204, 291–293, 302–303, 305–306
- crossover feature
64, 89, 171, 182–183, 202, 227, 308
D
- Davies, Mark
23, 47, 59–60, 177–179, 181, 203, 217–218, 256, 258, 260, 262–263, 274, 278, 311
- de-authentication
79–80, 100, 105, 115, 117–118, 194–196, 242–243, 261, 265, 267, 274, 283, 295, 298–299, 308
;
see also authentication, authenticity, inauthenticity
- discourse marker
172, 234–236, 244
- distancing
93, 100, 110, 138, 144, 152, 173, 194–199, 204, 275, 283, 290, 309
- double-voicing
37–38, 282–283
E
- echoing
137, 187–190, 195, 223
- electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English
13, 86–88, 208, 210, 254
- ethnicity
2–4, 10, 17, 24–26, 31–34, 39, 41–46, 51, 72–74, 82, 105, 250, 280, 284, 291–292, 299, 301, 310
- ethnolinguistic repertoire
3, 5, 31–35, 248, 292–293, 301–306, 310
- ethnography
24, 30, 40, 61–62, 86
;
see also virtual ethnography
- eWAVE
see electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English
- expert user of AAVE
92–96, 103, 105–107, 109–115, 118–119, 133–134, 150, 279–281, 290–291, 294–295, 306–307
F
- first-generation immigrant
2, 18–19, 43, 58, 250–252
;
see also second-generation immigrant, third-generation immigrant
- future
88, 132, 134–135, 139–140, 149–164, 205–208, 283
G
- gangsta
75, 79–81, 83, 92–94, 166, 216, 266–267, 276, 290, 296–297
- gender
33, 40, 58, 76, 92, 94, 127–129, 174–176, 191, 278–279
- geolocation
19, 51–52, 56–57, 60, 154, 171, 177, 217, 231, 256–257, 278
- globalization
1–2, 5, 12–13, 20, 23–24, 26–30, 33, 41, 54, 60, 64, 80–81, 88–89, 290–291, 305, 307–309, 311, 313
- GloWbE
see Corpus of Global Web-based English
H
- habitual be
87, 132–140, 164, 190, 277
- Hausa
10–11, 18, 51, 109–111, 236, 248–250, 271, 299–300, 310
;
see also Igbo, Yoruba
- Heyd, Theresa
34–35, 53–55, 234–235, 241, 305
- hip-hop
4–5, 12, 16, 27–28, 46, 81, 83, 106, 113, 116–124, 156, 169, 174–176, 178–179, 200–201, 215–217, 234–235, 278, 281, 284, 290, 307
;
see also rap battling
- humor
130, 192–194, 236–238, 242–243, 292, 306
;
see also playfulness, wordplay
I
- identity construction
3–6, 9, 17, 24–26, 31–34, 38–39, 43–46, 49–51, 67, 75, 78, 81–82, 85, 92–94, 102–105, 107, 113, 115, 118–119, 138, 140, 241–243, 247, 251, 278, 283, 290–292, 295–297, 299–301
;
see also acts of identity
- ideology
23, 44–45, 107, 127–128, 137, 204, 268, 279–282, 289–290, 307
- Igbo
10, 18, 50–51, 95–96, 236, 248–253, 262, 299–300, 310
;
see also Hausa, Yoruba
- inauthenticity
37, 41, 45, 78, 98, 102, 114–119, 176, 243, 282, 284, 291–292, 297, 302, 306
;
see also authentication, authenticity, de-authentication
- indexicality
6, 26–28, 31, 33–34, 40–41, 81, 102–103, 170, 194, 231, 241–242, 247, 271, 292–293, 305–306
- International Corpus of English
13, 23, 311
;
see also corpora
J
- Jamaican Creole
12–13, 21, 50–51, 85–86, 88, 96–97, 107–109, 312–313
;
see also creole
- Jamaican English
12–13, 21, 85–86, 88, 200
L
- language attitude
6, 15–17, 20, 59, 72, 82–85, 99, 101, 111, 230–233, 280, 293, 302, 306–307
- language policy
10–11, 239, 249
- lexical borrowing
16, 29, 133, 261–262, 16, 29, 133, 261–262, 294
- lingua franca
14–15, 230–231, 248, 302
- linguistic awareness
6, 33–34, 40, 112, 190–194, 263–265, 270–271, 294–295, 301, 309–311
;
see also metalanguage
M
- Mair, Christian
4–5, 20–21, 34–35, 54–55, 234–235, 241, 254, 294, 305, 310–312
- metalanguage
6, 83–85, 94–95, 98–101, 105–107, 109–112, 151–152, 172–173, 175–176, 183–184, 186, 190–194, 198–199, 203–205, 217, 226–227, 230–234, 249–251, 264–265, 280–281, 286–287, 290, 294, 306
;
see also linguistic awareness
- methodology
55–59, 60–67, 305
- migration
2, 5, 18–21, 25, 32, 41, 43, 46, 51–52, 58, 71–75, 78, 81–82, 100, 230–231, 293–294, 311
;
see also accommodation, assimilation, first-generation immigrant, second-generation immigrant
- minimal user of AAVE
32, 99–100, 126, 137–138, 156, 187–202, 283, 286–290, 308
- misspelling
see orthography, typographical error
- model minority
18–20, 306–307
- multilingualism
6, 18, 28–31, 50, 54, 62, 64, 96–99, 244–247, 252, 261, 311–313
- multiple negation
88, 108, 209–211
N
- n-word
93–94, 114–115, 121, 126, 166, 171, 173–176, 196, 198–199, 216, 277–279, 288, 290
-
Nairaland
5, 48–53, 55, 57–58, 66–67, 69, 112–113, 181, 230, 234–235, 241, 249–251, 259, 267–268, 275–276, 281, 293–294, 301–302, 310, 312
;
see also web forum
- nation
10, 12, 23–24, 29, 32, 34, 42–45, 51, 105, 295, 301
- native speaker
11, 16, 46, 269, 283–284
;
see also non-native speaker
- Net Corpora Administration Tool
7, 51–52, 55–57, 61, 63, 65–68, 312
- negative inversion
88, 209–212
- neologism
see word-formation
- Nigeria
2, 10–18, 34, 42–45, 51, 117, 166, 191, 248–250, 275–276, 296–297, 303
- Nigerian English
13–14, 18, 21, 29, 88, 162, 166, 253–272, 293–295, 301, 309–311
- Nigerian Pidgin
14–18, 20–21, 50, 65, 84–85, 88, 106, 140–147, 204, 225, 229–248, 261, 265, 268, 270–271, 274, 293–294, 301–302, 310, 312
- non-native speaker
5, 24, 41, 46, 283–284, 305, 313
;
see also native speaker
- non-user of AAVE
92, 100–103, 124, 136–137, 156, 189, 226–227, 288, 290, 308
O
- online community
52–54, 57–58, 94, 280
;
see also community
- orthography
6, 16, 21, 50, 54, 64, 67, 97–98, 102, 132, 139, 141–144, 150–151, 158–161, 164–173, 180, 213–215, 233, 267–272, 285, 288–289, 294, 299, 308–309, 312–313
P
- past tense
66, 87–88, 132, 140–144, 147–149, 203, 206–210, 257–258
- phonology
14, 82, 132, 164–170, 256, 269–272, 288, 309
- pidgin
13–18, 65, 84–85, 293, 302, 311–312
;
see also creole, Nigerian Pidgin
- performance vs competence
3, 9, 100, 105, 111, 190–194, 294
- place
44–45, 49–50, 52, 57, 275, 295–296
;
see also space
- playfulness
33, 38, 97, 117, 122, 127, 152, 164, 177, 184, 192–193, 204, 224, 231–232, 235–238, 244, 266–267, 291–292
;
see also wordplay
- present tense
65, 88, 135, 208, 257
- prescriptivism
14, 23, 204, 269, 280
- prestige
11–12, 15, 21, 27, 80–82, 120, 230, 290–291, 300–302, 308–309
;
see also stigma
- proverb
177, 201, 247, 252–253, 261
- pseudonymity
26, 36–37, 69, 104–105, 152, 275, 301
- punctuation
160, 195, 214, 268
R
- rap battling
38, 103–104, 119–124, 131, 138, 156–157, 177–178, 186, 198–199, 215–216, 234–235, 244–247, 281–283, 291–292, 307
;
see also hip-hop
- race
2–3, 20, 43–44, 71–77, 81–84, 137–138, 173–176, 197, 203, 205, 279–280, 307
;
see also Blackness, Whites
- religion
10, 51, 158, 261–263
- repertoire
3, 5, 9, 17–18, 20–21, 28, 30–35, 46, 62–63, 80, 91, 94–103, 106–109, 113, 115, 152, 187–188, 195, 233, 250–252, 277–278, 292–294, 301–303, 305–306, 308, 310
- Romance language
45, 54, 96–97, 111, 237, 295, 312
S
- second-generation immigrant
19–20, 32, 43, 58, 74, 76, 78–79, 103–104, 106, 113, 230, 254, 291–292
;
see also first-generation immigrant, third-generation immigrant
- semantic inversion
126, 185–186, 286
- serial verb
225, 239, 241
- space
5, 23, 26–28, 62, 120, 275
;
see also place
- speech act
4, 103–104, 120, 156
- speech community
2, 30, 34, 39
;
see also community
- stancetaking
33, 44, 93–94, 102–103, 137, 292
- standard language
82, 84, 124, 160, 214, 247, 268, 289, 302
;
see also standard language ideology
- standard language ideology
23, 100, 204, 226, 280, 290, 307
;
see also ideology, standard language
- stereotype
33, 75–77, 81, 92, 101, 127–130, 140, 184, 196, 205, 209, 279–282, 286, 306–307, 309
- stigma
4–5, 15, 69, 82–83, 210, 230, 279, 290–291, 293, 303, 308–310
;
see also prestige
- style
30–31, 40, 50, 63, 96–99, 121–122, 125, 135, 152, 262–265, 291, 302
;
see also styleshifting, stylization
- styleshifting
24–25, 40, 92, 119–131, 135–136, 194, 291, 302
;
see also style, stylization
- stylization
24–25, 38, 40–41, 102, 131, 291, 308, 313
;
see also style, styleshifting
- subforum
56, 119–122, 125, 263, 275, 281
;
see also Nairaland, web forum
- swearing
see uncensored language
T
- tagging
56–57, 64, 66, 312
;
see also corpora
- term of address
164–165, 170–171, 174, 176, 178, 181–182, 215, 262, 277–279, 291–292
- third-generation immigrant
19
;
see also first-generation immigrant, second-generation immigrant
- truncated repertoire
31, 109, 233, 250–251
;
see also repertoire
- typographical error
45, 98, 117, 160–161, 268–269
- typography
1, 34, 129–130
;
see also capitalization
- uncensored language
27, 66, 94, 98, 108, 112, 127, 137, 183, 199–200, 218, 226–227, 273–274, 286–290, 308
;
see also augmentation, n-word
U
-
Urban Dictionary
89, 99, 126, 137, 181, 185, 191
V
- virtual community
see online community
- virtual ethnography
57, 60–63, 312
;
see also ethnography
- voice
27, 30, 37–38, 130–131, 253, 282–283
W
- web forum
5–6, 37–38, 48–54, 56, 61–62, 66, 69, 94, 111, 124–125, 239, 249, 268, 278, 280, 301–302, 311–312
;
see also flaming, lurking, subforum, trolling
- Whites
3, 43–44, 65, 71, 73–74, 77, 81, 83–84, 86, 137–138, 175–176, 186, 202, 212, 265, 278–280, 286–287, 289
;
see also race
- word-formation
177, 185, 260–261, 265–267, 275
;
see also abbreviation, blending, clipping, reduplication
- wordplay
177, 179, 186, 236, 244–245
;
see also playfulness
Y
-
y’all
87–88, 212–218, 277–279, 293, 308
- Yoruba
10–11, 18, 50–51, 76, 120, 188, 235–236, 248–253, 262, 271–272, 310
;
see also Hausa, Igbo