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Part of
New Englishes, New Methods
Edited by Guyanne Wilson and Michael Westphal
[Varieties of English Around the World G68] 2023
► pp. 84–106

Creole and power

A Critical Discourse Analysis of legal cross‑examinations in ICE Jamaica and ICE Trinidad and Tobago

ORCID logo | Kiel University
ORCID logo | University College London
The paper presents a Critical Discourse Analysis of Jamaican and Trinidadian legal-cross examinations, using data from the International Corpus of English. Although English is the dominant language of the courtroom, the analysis shows that Creole is used by both attorneys and witnesses. In contrast to previous associations of Creole with powerlessness and Standard English with power, attorneys make use of both varieties to exert their authority in the courtroom. Hence, the value of specific linguistic resources and who can use them for which purpose depends on the speakers’ social and institutional positionality. On a methodological level, the paper demonstrates that the International Corpus of English provides valuable data for critical qualitative analyses of language variation in New Englishes.
Keywords: New Englishes, Critical Discourse Analysis, International Corpus of English, language and law, legal cross-examinations, language and power, Jamaica, Trinidad, Creole
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Language and law in Jamaica and Trinidad
  • 3.Critical discourse analysis
  • 4.Data and method
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1Use of standard English
    • 5.2Use of Creole
    • 5.3Questions
    • 5.4Reformulation
  • 6.Conclusion: Creole and power
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 14 April 2023
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.05wes
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Dan, Bernard
2024. Disability creole: Can we speak a common biopsychosocial language?. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology DOI logo

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