In this study, we present an experiment in which we examined the time course of typing German compounds. The compounds varied according to three criteria: (1) whole word frequency (high vs. low), (2) head frequency (high vs. low) and (3) semantic transparency (transparent vs. opaque). In this experiment, we recorded the interkey intervals (IKIs) and concentrated on the IKI measurements found at the boundary of the two immediate constituents in compounds. We refer to this boundary type as an SM-boundary because (S)yllable and (M)orpheme boundaries coincide at this word position. As we found effects of lexical frequency for SM-IKIs in a series of previous studies, we argue that possible differences in SM-IKIs found for compounds of different frequency classes and of different degrees of semantic transparency can give an insight into the processes involved in the written production of German compounds: whole word procedures and/or compositional procedures. Our findings show that SM-IKIs are affected by compound frequency, head frequency and semantic transparency. We therefore argue that both whole word procedures and compositional procedures are involved in the written production of German compounds. These findings are in line with those versions of dual-route models which postulate that the two routes run in parallel and interact.
2024. Spelling processing during handwriting and typing and the role of reading and visual-motor skills when typing is less practiced than handwriting. Reading and Writing 37:1 ► pp. 205 ff.
Roeser, Jens, Sven De Maeyer, Mariëlle Leijten & Luuk Van Waes
2024. Modelling typing disfluencies as finite mixture process. Reading and Writing 37:2 ► pp. 359 ff.
Taikh, Alexander, Christina Gagné & Thomas Spalding
2022. Morphological knowledge in English learner university students is sensitive to language statistics: A longitudinal study. Applied Psycholinguistics 43:4 ► pp. 889 ff.
Libben, Gary, Jordan Gallant & Wolfgang U. Dressler
2021. Textual Effects in Compound Processing: A Window on Words in the World. Frontiers in Communication 6
2020. Semantic transparency effects in German compounds: A large dataset and multiple-task investigation. Behavior Research Methods 52:3 ► pp. 1208 ff.
Bar-On, Amalia & Victor Kuperman
2019. Spelling errors respect morphology: a corpus study of Hebrew orthography. Reading and Writing 32:5 ► pp. 1107 ff.
Ferro, Marcello, Franco Alberto Cardillo, Vito Pirrelli, Christina L. Gagné & Thomas L. Spalding
2016. Written word production and lexical self-organisation: evidence from English (pseudo)compounds. In Proceedings of the Third Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2016, ► pp. 146 ff.
Gagné, Christina L. & Thomas L. Spalding
2016. Written production of English compounds: effects of morphology and semantic transparency. Morphology 26:2 ► pp. 133 ff.
2014. Compound naming in aphasia: effects of complexity, part of speech, and semantic transparency. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 29:1 ► pp. 88 ff.
Kuperman, Victor & Raymond Bertram
2013. Moving spaces: Spelling alternation in English noun-noun compounds. Language and Cognitive Processes 28:7 ► pp. 939 ff.
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