Prehistoric colour semantics
A contradiction in terms
Although prehistory is, by definition, a time before written records, or from which no written records survive, and is also, of course, a time for which no native speakers are available, it is the contention of this chapter that a certain amount of information can, nevertheless, be gleaned about colour semantics. The chapter is primarily concerned with the earliest basic colour categories (BCCs) of the Indo-European languages, and the approach taken is to combine various techniques from more than one discipline and to see whether the results corroborate or contradict each other. Linguistic approaches include etymology, core concepts, the UE model, cognates and prototypes while supporting evidence is brought to bear from archaeology, anthropology, art history and the earliest Indo-European texts in Hittite and Vedic Sanskrit.
References (53)
Dictionaries
Burarra–Gun-nartpa Dictionary with English Finder List (BGD). 1994, by Kathleen Glasgow. Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics, Australian Aborigines and Islanders Branch.
Chicago Hittite Dictionary (CHD), [URL]
Dictionary of Old English (DOE), [URL]
Hittite Etymological Dictionary (HED). 1984–, by Jaan Puhvel. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter.
Indo-European lexicon: PIE etymon and IE reflexes, [URL]
Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW). 1959–69, ed. by Julius Pokorny. 2 vols. Bern & Munich: Francke Verlag.
Indogermanisches Wörterbuch (IW), [URL]
Middle English Dictionary (MED), [URL]
Oxford English Dictionary (OED), [URL]
Sanskrit–English Dictionary (SED), [URL]
Non-dictionary references
Atkinson, Quentin D., and Russell D. Gray. 2006. “How Old is the Indo-European Language Family? Illumination or More Moths to the Flame?” In Forster and Renfrew, 91–109.
Aujoulat, Norbert. 2005. The Splendour of Lascaux: Rediscovering the Greatest Treasure of Prehistoric Art. London: Thames and Hudson.
Bar Josef, Ofer. 2002. “The Upper Paleolithic Revolution.” Annual Review of Anthropology 31: 363–393.
Berlin, Brent, and Paul Kay. 1969. Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Berna, Francesco, Paul Goldberg, Liora Kolska Horwitz, James Brink, Sharon Holt, Marion Bamford, and Michael Chazan. 2012. “Microstrategraphic Evidence of In Situ Fire in the Acheulean Strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (20): E1215–E1220.
Biggam, C.P. 2006. “Political Upheaval and a Disturbance in the Colour Vocabulary of Early English.” In Biggam and Kay 2006, 159–179.
Biggam, C.P. 2012. The Semantics of Colour: A Historical Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bouckaert, Remco, Philippe Lemey, Michael Dunn, Simon J. Greenhill, Alexander V. Alekseyenko, Alexei J. Drummond, Russell D. Gray, Marc A. Suchard, and Quentin D. Atkinson. 2012. “Mapping the Origins and Expansion of the Indo-European Language Family.”
Science
337 (6097): 957–960.
Burke, Brendan. 2001. “Anatolian Origins of the Gordian Knot Legends.” Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 42 (3): 255–261.
Cook, Jill. 2013. Ice Age Art: the Arrival of the Modern Mind. London: British Museum Press.
Ferring, Reid, Oriol Oms, Jordi Agusti, Francesco Berna, Medea Nioradze, Teona Shelia, Martha Tappen, Abesalom Vekua, David Zhvania, and David Lordkipanidze. 2011. “Earliest Human Occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) Dated to 1.85–1.78 Ma.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
108 (26): 10432–10436.
Forster, Peter, and Colin Renfrew (eds.) 2006. Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
Fortson, Benjamin W. [2004] 2010. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Chichester:Wiley-Blackwell.
Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv. 1979. Vedic India. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.
Gonda, Jan (trans.) 1989. The Indra Hymns of the Ṛgveda. Orientalia Rheno-traiectina 36. Leiden: Brill.
Griffith, Ralph T.H. (trans.) 1889–92. The Hymns of the Rigveda Translated with a Popular Commentary. 4 vols. Benares: E. J.Lazarus.
Griffith, Ralph T.H. (trans.) 1895–6. The Hymns of the Atharva-Veda Translated with a Popular Commentary. 2 vols. Benares: E. J.Lazarus.
Harrison, S.P. 2003. “On the Limits of the Comparative Method.” In Joseph and Janda 2003, 213–243.
Hopkins, Edward W. 1883. “Words for Color in the Rig Veda.” American Journal of Philology 4 (2): 166–191.
Jackendoff, Ray. 1989. “What Is a Concept, That a Person May Grasp It?” Mind and Language 4 (1 & 2): 68–102.
Jones, Rhys, and Betty Meehan. 1978. “Anbarra Concept of Colour”. In Australian Aboriginal Concepts, ed. by L. R. Hiatt, 20–39. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
Joseph, Brian D., and Richard D. Janda (eds.) 2003. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Kay, Paul. 1975. “Synchronic Variability and Diachronic Change in Basic Color Terms.” Language in Society 4: 257–270.
Kay, Paul, Brent Berlin, Luisa Maffi, William Merrifield, and Richard Cook. 2009. The World Color Survey. CSLI Lecture Notes 159. Stanford, Calif.: CSLI Publications.
Kay, Paul, and Luisa Maffi. 1999. “Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons.” American Anthropologist 101 (4): 743–760.
Liu, Hua, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux. 2006. “A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History.” American Journal of Human Genetics 79 (2): 230–237.
MacKenzie, Donald A. [1913?]. Indian Myth and Legend. London: Gresham.
Mallory, J.P., and D.Q. Adams. 2006. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McMahon, April, and Robert McMahon. 2006. “Why Linguists Don’t Do Dates: Evidence from Indo-European and Australian Languages.” In Forster and Renfrew, 153–160.
Mellars, Paul. 1994. “The Upper Palaeolithic Revolution.” In The Oxford Illustrated Prehistory of Europe, ed. by Barry Cunliffe, 42–78. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mithen, Steven. 1996. The Prehistory of the Mind: A Search for the Origins of Art, Religion and Science. London: Thames and Hudson.
Müller, F. Max (trans.) 1891. Vedic Hymns, Part I: Hymns to the Maruts, Rudra, Vâyu and Vâta. Sacred Books of the East 32. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Rankin, Robert L. 2003. “The Comparative Method.” In Joseph and Janda 2003, 183–212.
Ringe, Don. 2006. From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. Linguistic History of English 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schick, Kathy, and Nicholas Toth. 2006. “An Overview of the Oldowan Industrial Complex: the Sites and the Nature of their Evidence.” In The Oldowan: Case Studies into the Earliest Stone Age, ed. by Nicholas Toth, and Kathy Schick, 3–42. Stone Age Institute Publication Series 1. Gosport, Ind.: Stone Age Institute Press.
Shields, Kenneth. 1979. “Indo-European Basic Colour Terms.” Canadian Journal of Linguistics 24 (2): 142–146.
Singh, Nagendra K. 1997. Vedic Mythology. New Delhi: APH Publishing.
Swadesh, Morris. 1952. “Lexico-statistical Dating of Prehistoric Ethnic Contacts: With Special Reference to North American Indians and Eskimos”. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 96.4: 452–463.
Swadesh, Morris. 1955. “Towards Greater Accuracy in Lexicostatistic Dating.” International Journal of American Linguistics 21 (2): 121–137.
Swadesh, Morris. 1971. The Origin and Diversification of Language, ed. by Joel Sherzer. Chicago:Aldine-Atherton.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2006. “The Semantics of Colour: A New Paradigm.” In Biggam and Kay 2006, 1–24.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Uberman, Agnieszka
2023.
COLOUR NAMING: SEMANTICS OF THE COLOUR WHITE IN ENGLISH AND POLISH LEXICON.
Lege artis. Language yesterday, today, tomorrow ► pp. 147 ff.
Změlík, Richard
2018.
Transformation of the Linguistic Reasoning Paradigm of Basic Colour Terms: outline of the problem.
Bohemica Olomucensia 10:2
► pp. 24 ff.
Alexander, Marc & Christian Kay
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.